Saturday, 24 December 2011

Murphy, Burkitt and Shipton: Three Outstanding Journeys


It’s just under two weeks until Rick and myself set of from Kampala on the 5000 km ride to Maputo, and Johannesburg on the 5th January. Now seems a good time to think about what we might find in these few months travelling across the continent. I want to cover three things: firstly to assimilate some of what I have read and heard in preparation for the cycling trip in the form of three incredible journeys that have already been done, second to talk about Sponsorship and the proposed route, and finally to wish everyone a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year

Before I start, however, I want to make my bias while writing this, and the rest of this blog, clear. I’m writing from a Western perspective (or “global north” perspective, however politically correct you want to be) with only English as a fluent language, and therefore my choice of literature is limited by what has been previously published. Necessarily, much of this therefore reflects the colonial history of the continent. Whether it is actual colonialists writing, or those trying to walk in their hallowed paths. This clearly isn’t an accurate history of the areas we want to visit, and it surely doesn’t represent the outstanding journeys no doubt taken by resident Africans. Whether these are hundreds of miles on foot by a Masai with his cattle across the highlands of Tanzania and Kenya, or marches through the Congo during brutal slavery drives. I take my pick from a select few that have made it via a literary medium to a bookshop near me.

Eric Shipton

The oldest of the journeys is that of Eric Shipton in his book Snow on the Equator, and was recommended to me by my Godfather. Prior to Alpine and Himalayan fame, Eric Shipton spent 5 years (1928-1933) as, amongst other things, a farmer in the Aberdares in Kenya. He spent his spare time hunting and climbing the peaks of East Africa (making the first ascent of Nelion in Mt Kenya and Mawenzi on Mt Kilimanjaro), and even attempted prospecting in the Gold Rush around Kisumu, Kenya. When he finally decided that his time was up, he faced a choice: Does he take the road up through Eygpt, or the boat around the Cape of Good Hope? Both being relatively pricey choices, he chose neither. He filled his backpack with a few bare essentials – a mosquito net, but no tent or roll matt – and bought a bike for the sum of £1 in Kampala. From there he wound his way through the Great Lakes of Northern Uganda, sleeping under the stars wherever he went, he believed that if he slept in the house he would be afflicted by typhus. He crossed the Congo, stopping off at one point for an incredible Greek dinner with a merchant, and ended in Yaunde in Cameroon, where he could return home on a steamer. 


Dennis Burkitt
Route of Dennis Burkitts "tumour safari"
The second journey will, I’m sure, be familiar to those who recently took part in the Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; it’s that of Dennis Burkitt, the surgeon who initially described the epidemiology of Burkitts Lymphoma in a 1958 article in the British Journal of Surgery . (At this point I must apologise to Katie Wakeham from whose slides and fantastic lecture much of this material is taken). Having sent an initial questionnaire to several mission hospitals he found the tumour had a limited geographical distribution. On the basis of this, he used a £250 grant from the Medical Research Council, to buy a Ford Cortina, and took it on a 10 week “tumour safari” around East and Southern Africa visiting over 60 hospitals, armed with pictures of children with the tumour. He made the associations between high humidity, low altitude and high temperatures, which led him to assume that: “the tumour is vector-transmitted and therefore must be virus-induced”. An incredible leap of imagination and so very close to the truth, although one can imagine that 10 weeks on dirt roads gives one time to think.

Dervla Murphy

The third and final journey is, in my limited reading experience, the most impressive. To those of you that have read Dervla Murphy’s books I am sure her approach does not come as surprise. Nevertheless, at the age of 61 she chose to cycle from Nairobi, Kenya to Harare, Zimbabwe. It’s impossible to describe each and everyone of her incredible experiences; from hearing the first responses of Ugandans and Tanzanians to AIDS, to coming face to face with a leopard while taking a mountainous crossing in to Zambia. At one point crossing the middle of Tanzania on a dirt track she does not speak and barely sees another person for four days. Quite honestly, each story is more amazing than the next, and it makes someone who is about to attempt a similar endeavour already feel very meek!

Each of these journeys has its own characteristics that qualify their impressive standing. Shipton was a pioneer in many ways; he had incredible vision and adventure in what he did, and had the presence to record these experiences. Dennir Burkitt combined an inquisitive nature and assiduous scientific approach that went well beyond a lab bench. Finally Dervla Murphy, beyond her obvious courage, always took time to ask and record the stories of the people she met. All of them combined their experiences with a broad background of knowledge on the places they visited to give an outstanding account of their travels.

To contrast their approaches with other, (in my opinion) less impressive journeys, is a more challenging and less rewarding task. One could talk about Henry Stanley. During his “How I found Livingstone” or Congo explorations hundreds, maybe thousands of porters died to fulfil his self-glorification and the appetites of the readers in the UK and US. More recently, Tim Butchers Blood River highlights well the sad economic declines of Sub-Saharan Africa throughout the mid 1970’s and 1980’s, but his haughty, non-interactive approach to his journey is less commendable.

Sponsorship

Choosing whether or not to be sponsored for something like this is a difficult choice. I am not choosing to do this for the purpose of raising money – its something I want to do because I think I will enjoy it. And therefore I feel a tinge of guilt when asking you to sponsor something I enjoy doing. A bit like asking you to donate when I eat Christmas Cake… I also believe that charity is not the answer, and that we should be campaigning for a fair and equal society rather than one in which access to water and sanitation, education and security fall to private charity for security.
Nevertheless reality being as it is, these freedoms are far from guaranteed for many people and action needs to be taken sooner rather than later. We have therefore suggested WaterAid as a charity to which you may choose to donate. To give you an idea of the scale of the problem (taken from WaterAids website):
  • 884 million people in the world do not have access to safe water. This is roughly one in eight of the world's population. (WHO/UNICEF)
  • 2.6 billion people in the world do not have access to adequate sanitation, this is almost two fifths of the world's population. (WHO/UNICEF)
  • 1.4 million children die every year from diarrhoea caused by unclean water and poor sanitation - 4,000 child deaths a day or one child every 20 seconds. (WHO/WaterAid)
What has WaterAid done?
  • Since 1981, they have reached 15.89 million people with safe water 
  • Since 2004, they have reached 11.02 million people with sanitation
  • In 2010/11 they reached 1.45 million people with safe water and 1.62 million people with sanitation.
  • Just £15 can enable one person to access a lasting supply of safe water, improved hygiene and sanitation. (WaterAid)

With shifting climate patterns due to climate change, this problem will only continue to grow. If you do want to help this very worthy cause, please do so here.

Our Proposed Route
 

Finally, to outline our route (which is of course constantly under review). In short, we will be travelling through 6 countries; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa, and covering over 5000 kilometres. 


We start in Kampala, travelling around the south of Lake Victoria. Then, via Nairobi and Moshi, we travel to the coast of Tanzania, near to Tanga. From there we travel inland, towards Mbeya and into Malawi, along the west coast of Lake Malawi. Here we stop off in Blantyre where we make our final dash to Maputo, and then Johannesburg. 
MERRY CHRISTMAS TO EVERYONE AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR!